Monday, October 10, 2011

TEST 1 - Review


Anthropology Review for Test 1       

Terms to know

Anthropology
Archaeology
Paleoanthropology
Ethnology
Ethnography
Human evolution
Primatology
Human variation
Allele
Chromosome
Dominant trait
Gene
Genetics
Genotype
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Phenotype
Recessive trait
Human universalism
Culture
Human adaptation
Integration
Fossils

How Old??

Universe  13.7 billion years ago (ya)
Earth          4.5 billion ya
Life           3.8 billion ya
1st Mammals  220 mill ya
Primates          65 mill ya
First human ancestor  4.5 mill ya
Modern human  100,000 ya   



 Fields of Anthropology


Biological – Biology, genetics, Evolution, Variation
Primatology- Study of Primates
Paleoanthropology - Study of fossil hominids
Cultural Anthropology - study of human cultures
Linguistic Anthropology - study of human language and languages
Archaeology classical, historical, prehistoric, underwater, zooarchaeology
Applied - military, corporate, forensics


Methods in Anthropology

What skills, tools, methods, and questions will you use in studying humans?











What problems (biological or cultural) will you encounter in your study of another culture ?


Evolution

The differences between Lamarck and Darwin’s theories.

The Great Chain of Being

Early Theories of Evolution

Proof of Evolution
  1. The fossil record
  2. Chemical and anatomical similarities
  3. Geographic distribution
  4. Recorded genetic changes



Mendel’s Genetics

Punnett Squares
Allele frequency lab

Exceptions to Mendel’s Genetics

Polygenic traits
Intermediate expression
Codominance
Multiple allele series
Sex related effects
Environment

Main Processes of Evolution

  1. Mutation (new varieties)
  2. Genetic drift (small isolated)
  3. Natural selection (dramatic)
  4. Gene flow (new alleles into population)

Ancillary Processes of Evolution

  1. Recombination
  2. Non-random mating

Origin of Species

  1. Adaptive Radiation
  2. Cladogenesis
  3. Successive speciation


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