Anthropology Review for Test 1
Terms to know
Anthropology
Archaeology
Paleoanthropology
Ethnology
Ethnography
Human evolution
Primatology
Human variation
Allele
Chromosome
Dominant trait
Gene
Genetics
Genotype
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Phenotype
Recessive trait
Human universalism
Culture
Human adaptation
Integration
Fossils
How Old??
Universe 13.7
billion years ago (ya)
Earth 4.5 billion ya
Life 3.8
billion ya
1st Mammals
220 mill ya
Primates 65 mill ya
First human ancestor
4.5 mill ya
Modern human
100,000 ya
Fields of Anthropology
Biological –
Biology, genetics, Evolution, Variation
Primatology- Study
of Primates
Paleoanthropology - Study of fossil hominids
Cultural Anthropology - study of human cultures
Linguistic Anthropology - study of human language and languages
Archaeology classical, historical, prehistoric, underwater, zooarchaeology
Applied - military, corporate, forensics
Methods in Anthropology
What skills, tools, methods, and
questions will you use in studying humans?
What problems (biological or cultural) will you encounter in
your study of another culture ?
Evolution
The differences between Lamarck and Darwin’s theories.
The Great Chain of Being
Early Theories of Evolution
Proof of Evolution
- The fossil record
- Chemical and anatomical similarities
- Geographic distribution
- Recorded genetic changes
Mendel’s Genetics
Punnett Squares
Allele frequency lab
Exceptions to Mendel’s Genetics
Polygenic traits
Intermediate expression
Codominance
Multiple allele series
Sex related effects
Environment
Main Processes of Evolution
- Mutation (new varieties)
- Genetic drift (small isolated)
- Natural selection (dramatic)
- Gene flow (new alleles into population)
Ancillary Processes of Evolution
- Recombination
- Non-random mating
Origin of Species
- Adaptive Radiation
- Cladogenesis
- Successive speciation
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